备份

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mv /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.old

还原默认官方源

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cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << EOF
deb https://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

deb https://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

deb https://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

deb https://deb.debian.org/debian-security/ bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://deb.debian.org/debian-security/ bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
EOF

更换为清华源

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cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << EOF
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security/ bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security/ bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
EOF

更换为中科大源

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cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << EOF
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
EOF

更换为腾讯云源

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cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << EOF
deb https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

deb https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

deb https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

deb https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
EOF

使用腾讯云服务器时，可以选择腾讯云内网源，走内网不消耗公网流量

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cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << EOF
deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

deb http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
EOF

更换为阿里云源

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cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << EOF
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
EOF

使用阿里云服务器时，可以选择阿里云内网源，走内网不消耗公网流量

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cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << EOF
deb http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

deb http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

deb http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

deb http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
EOF

更新

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apt update